A. Primary Housing Finance Market
A.1 Industry Structure and Performance
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of firms originating and funding mortgage loans | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.1.1 |
| Types of originating lenders/market share: | A.1.2 | ||||
| Universal/ commercial banks | 68.33% of total | 68.77% of total | 69.29% of total | JHF | A.1.2.1 |
| Other depository institutions (savings and loans/mutual savings and credit institutions) | 17.79% of total | 16.98% of total | 16.09% of total | JHF | A.1.2.2 |
| Non-depository financial institutions specialized in housing finance | 12.01% of total | 12.81% of total | 13.83% of total | JHF | A.1.2.3 |
| Others (e.g. insurance co, pension funds, labor tax funds) | 1.87% of total | 1.45% of total | .8% of total | JHF | A.1.2.5 |
| Identify the 3 largest loan originating lenders | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.1.3 |
| Are there (quasi) public mortgage lenders: | Yes | Yes | Yes | Country Editor | A.1.4 |
| Universal/ commercial banks | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.1.4.1 |
| Other depository institutions (savings and loans/mutual savings and credit institutions) | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.1.4.2 |
| Non-depository financial institutions specialized in housing finance | Yes | Yes | Yes | Country Editor | A.1.4.3 |
| General non-depository financial institutions | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.1.4.4 |
| Others (e.g. insurance co, pension funds, labor tax funds) | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.1.4.5 |
| Typical lending spreads for mortgages | Not available | Country Editor | A.1.5 | ||
| Level of Non-Performing Mortgage Loans (90 days or more past due): | A.1.6 | ||||
| as a % of # of loans | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.1.6.1 |
| as a % of outstanding loan amount | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.1.6.2 |
| Average 1997-2007 | A.1.7 | ||||
| as a % of # of loans | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.1.7.1 |
| as a % of outstanding loan amount | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.1.7.2 |
| Lowest decile of the income distribution served by the dominant mortgage lenders | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.1.8 |
A.2 Size of Mortgage Finance Sector
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year in millions of USD: | 1,866,861.86 USD (millions) | 1,780,391.5 USD (millions) | 1,687,518.84 USD (millions) | Bank of Japan | A.2.1 |
| Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year as % of GDP (current) | 37.55% | 36.64% | 34.25% | Bank of Japan | A.2.1.1 |
| and as % of all credits outstanding | 14.8% | 14.76% | 14.84% | Bank of Japan | A.2.1.2 |
| Total # of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.2.2 |
| Total amount of home mortgages made in calendar year in millions of USD | 189,749.76 USD (millions) | 197,011.23 USD (millions) | 221,356.92 USD (millions) | JHF | A.2.3 |
| and as % of GDP (current) | 3.82% | 4.05% | 4.49% | JHF | A.2.3.1 |
| and as % of all credits originated in calender year | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.2.3.2 |
| Total # of home mortgage originations made in calendar year | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.2.4 |
| What % of total new mortgages is refinance? | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.2.5 |
A.3 Housing Finance Products
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortgage products as % of all mortgages (approx.) in local currency: | A.3.1 | ||||
| Fixed rate for life of loan | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.1.1 | ||
| Variable rate/indexed | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.1.2 | ||
| Variable rate/discretionary | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.1.3 | ||
| Other fully amortizing loans (e.g. Rollover) | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.1.4 | ||
| Non-fully amoritizing loans (e.g. Price level adjusted/Interest only) | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.1.5 | ||
| Loans based on foreign currency as % of all mortgage products | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.2 |
| Most prevalent type of foreign currency mortgage used: | A.3.3 | ||||
| Fixed rate for life of loan | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.3.1 |
| Variable rate/indexed | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.3.2 |
| Variable rate/discretionary | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.3.3 |
| Other (describe in the Notes section) | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.3.4 |
| Most frequent interest rates on fully amortizing: | A.3.4 | ||||
| 10 year fixed rate mortgage | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.4.1 |
| most common indexed ARM/10 year term | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.4.2 |
| discretionary ARM/10 year term | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.4.3 |
| 5 year roll-over/10 year term | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.4.4 |
| foreign currency based 10 year FRM | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.4.5 |
| Most frequent rate on interest only 10 yr FRM | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.5 |
| Typical lender fees associated with mortgage origination: | A.3.6 | ||||
| Fixed in amount | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.6.1 |
| as % of loan amount | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.6.2 |
| Typical third party fees associated with mortgage origination: | A.3.7 | ||||
| Appraisal fees | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.7.1 |
| Title related fees | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.7.2 |
| Legal fees | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.7.3 |
| Search fees | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.7.4 |
| Loan-to-Value (LTV) on first mortgage: | A.3.8 | ||||
| Maximum LTV | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.8.1 | ||
| Typical LTV at origination | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.8.2 | ||
| Maximum term over which pmt is calculated? | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.9 | ||
| Mortgage pmt-to-income ratio | A.3.10 | ||||
| Maximum pmt-to-income ratio (HH income) | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.10.1 | ||
| Maximum pmt-to-income ratio (Individual income) | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.10.2 | ||
| Typical pmt-to-income ratio (HH income) | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.10.3 | ||
| Typical pmt-to-income ratio (Individual income) | Not available | Country Editor | A.3.10.4 | ||
A.4 Lending and Servicing Process
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Does the mortgage industry use standard principles/guidelines for underwriting? | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.4.1 |
| Which institutions define underwriting rules? | A.4.2 | ||||
| Central Bank/Ministry of Finance | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.4.2.1 |
| Secondary market facility | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.4.2.2 |
| Major Lender | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.4.2.3 |
| Other | No | No | No | Country Editor | A.4.2.4 |
| Are loan originations conducted by others than employees of lenders? | Not available | Country Editor | A.4.3 | ||
| % of Originations done by brokers | Not available | Country Editor | A.4.3.1 | ||
| % of Originations done on the internet | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.4.3.2 |
| Others (Specify in Notes) | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.4.3.3 |
| % of appraisals done by employees of lenders | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.4.4 |
| Do third party servicing institutions exist? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Country Editor | A.4.5 |
| % of loans serviced by originators/lenders | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.4.6 |
A.5 Credit Risk Assessment
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do credit bureaus exist? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Country Editor | A.5.2 |
| Are there legal/regulatory constraints to gaining access to credit information? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Country Editor | A.5.2.1 |
| What percentage of mortgage originations use credit scoring? | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.5.1 |
| Is mortgage default insurance available? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Country Editor | A.5.3 |
| When did it begin operating? | 1955 | 1955 | 1955 | Country Editor | A.5.3.1 |
| What is the typical MI product? | JHF MI | JHF MI | JHF MI | Country Editor | A.5.3.2 |
| Number of private mortgage insurers | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.5.3.3 |
| Are credit guarantee systems used? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Country Editor | A.5.4 |
| Is there public sponsored MI / guarantee? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Country Editor | A.5.5 |
| What % of the market does public MI / guarantee serve? | Not available | Country Editor | A.5.6 | ||
| What share of total annual mortgage production is insured/guaranteed? | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | A.5.7 |
B. Funding Sources for Mortgages and the Secondary Mortgage Market
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are the main funding sources for mortgages? | B.1 | ||||
| Retail funding (deposits/other) | primary | primary | primary | Country Editor | B.1.1 |
| Wholesale funding: loans from other banks or corporations | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Country Editor | B.1.2 |
| Funding through mortgage bonds | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Country Editor | B.1.3 |
| Funding through securitization of mortgages | secondary | secondary | secondary | Country Editor | B.1.4 |
| Other | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Non-applicable | Country Editor | B.1.5 |
| What % of Residential Mortgage Backed Securities is issued by centralized conduit or liquidity facility? | 71.11% | 68.05% | 76.01% | Japan Securities Dealers Association | B.2 |
| Who are the investors in RMBS? | Life Insurance, Pension Fund, Banks | Life Insurance, Pension Fund, Banks | Life Insurance, Pension Fund, Banks | Country Editor | B.3 |
| What is the proportion of RMBS in the overall private securities market? | 9.05% | 10% | 10.78% | Japan Securities Dealers Association | B.4 |
C. Housing Microfinance
| Variable | End of 2018 | End of 2017 | End of 2016 | Sources | Var ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Are non-collateralized housing micro-finance loans offered? | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.1 |
| Types of lenders operating in the housing micro-finance (HMF) sector: | C.2 | ||||
| Commercial banks | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.2.1 |
| Specialized non-depository MFIs | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.2.2 |
| NGOs | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.2.3 |
| Others | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.2.4 |
| None | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.2.5 |
| Typical lending spreads in HMF | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.3 |
| Level of NPLs (>90 days past due) in HMF | C.4 | ||||
| as a % of loans | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.4.1 |
| as a % of outstanding loan amount | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.4.2 |
| Are non-collateralized but secured housing finance products offered (e.g. secured by pension or insurance savings) | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.5 |
| Lowest income decile served with all non-collateralized housing lending products | Not available | Not available | Not available | Country Editor | C.6 |